Suchergebnisse

In der Transkei - dem ersten, 1976 in die vollständige 'interne' Unabhängigkeit entlassenen Homeland - führten sich häufende Korruptionsskandale und der Mißbrauch von Staatsgeldern im Oktober 1987 zum Sturz von Ministerpräsident George Matanzima, an dessen Stelle Frau Stella Sigcau zur neuen Premierministerin gewählt wurde. Rolle des Militärs. Die gegenwärtige Situation. Das neue Kabinett. Blick in die Zukunft. (Anmerkung der Redaktion: Drei Monate später wurde auch Frau Sigcau mit der gleichen Begründung ihres Amtes enthoben und durch einen Militärrat ersetzt.) (DÜI-Hlb)

Analyses recent and proposed changes to accountancy practice.
Includes: treatment of off‐balance sheet loans, joint ventures, options,
securitization, convertible bonds, stepped coupon bonds, non‐equity
capital, preference shares, restructuring costs, goodwill and reporting
statements. Concludes that the changes should lead to clearer and more
informative accounts.

Games such as basketball, hockey and different codes of football change their rules frequently, but little is known of the particular interactive processes through which such changes are impelled. Building upon an earlier ethnomethodological perspective on games- playing, an explanation is offered which conceives rule changes as the unintended and unanticipated outcome of the interaction between groups who have different interests in the games-playing process. Rule changes are impelled because game legislators (rules committees) do not and cannot wholly anticipate the ways in which their legislative action will be interpreted by game-players and by coaches. To explain how games change, the rules need to be understood as both the medium and the outcome of the interaction processes amongst interdependent interest groups.

In his book Constitutionalizing Economic Globalization, David Schneiderman examines the relationships between international investment rules and constitutional principles of liberal democracy. He begins by examining the legal and ideological underpinnings of international investment rules, showing how key concepts under the treaties originate in some (but not all) domestic constitutions. He shows also how the regime has served as a vehicle for arbitrators to ratchet up the imposition of international discipline on states. Schneiderman reviews case studies showing the impact of the rules on governments. He also identifies how arbitrators have interpreted investment treaties in ways that take constitutionalist notions of limited government beyond their domestic trajectories and that promote versions of the 'rule of law' with a distinctly neo-liberal bent. Ironically, the portrayal of investment arbitration as an institutional hammer of neo-liberalism that is just now hitting its nails coincides with a resurgent Keynesianism and renewed regulation at the domestic level. My main criticism of the book is that its claim of 'constitutionalization' is open to doubt given that (1) the treaties can be abrogated, (2) the treaties lack the normative power of domestic constitutions, and (3) investment arbitration lacks integral components of a liberal constitutional structure, including institutional safeguards of judicial independence. Is the system constitutional or merely neo-liberal? Nevertheless, Schneiderman offers powerful insights on the capacity for alternative visions and resistance. It is also refreshing to see Schneiderman focus on national governments and their power to undo that which has been done.

The Turkish social insurance system has been feverishly debated for years, particularly through its burden on the economy. The most recent reform is an attempt to neutralize the deterioration within the social security system and its effects on the economy. After the recent reform, 'the way that retirement benefits are calculated' is changed unfavorably for workers and the minimum age for retirement is increased. In particular, for an agent with 25 years of social security tax payments, the replacement rate is down from 65 percent to 50 percent. On the other hand, retirement age is up from 60 to 65. The aim of this paper is to investigate the macroeconomic effects of these changes using an OLG model. The author's findings indicate that labor supply, output and capital stock increase when changes above are applied to the benchmark economy calibrated to the Turkish economy data in 2005. A critical change with the current reform is that the marginal benefit of working has become uniform over ages. In a simulation exercise, the marginal retirement benefit in the benchmark economy is changed to be uniform over ages while keeping the size of social security system unchanged. As a result, the benefit of retiring at a later period increases. However, uniform distribution of the marginal benefits itself decreases both the capital stock and output of the economy. Increasing the retirement age has positive effects on the economy since agents obtain retirement benefits for fewer years and at an older age.